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This essay is written in the classical tradition, making the classical assumption, and asking the classical question. The classics, from Smith to Marx, all assumed, or argued, that an unlimited supply of labour was available at subsistence wages. They then enquired how production grows through time. They found the answer in capital accumulation, which they explained in terms of their analysis of the distribution of income. Classical systems stems thus determined simultaneously income distribution and income growth, with the relative prices of commodities as a minor bye-product.

这个论题载于古典流派，做了经典的假设，提出了经典的问题。这一经典，从斯密到马克思，都假设或争论过，就是“在仅给予维持最低生活工资时，劳动力无限供给”。他们调查了时间维度下生产是怎样发展的。根据他们对收入分配的分析得出这个问题的答案是资本积累。古典系统源于对收入分配和收入增长的同时决定，伴随着作为一种次产品的商品的相关价格。

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关键词：distribution accumulation SIMULTANEOUS Commodities production 翻译 头疼

翻译的不错啊，怎么了？

中译英还是英译中啊？

This essay is written in the classical tradition, making the classical assumption, and asking the classical question.
这个论题载于古典流派，做了经典的假设，亦提出了经典的问题。
The classics, from Smith to Marx, all assumed, or argued, that an unlimited supply of labour was available at subsistence wages.
从史密斯到马思都假设或是争论过这一经典：在给予维持最低生活工资时，劳动力是无限供给的。
They then enquired how production grows through time.
他们接着调查：随着时间过去下生产是怎样增长的。
They found the answer in capital accumulation, which they explained in terms of their analysis of the distribution of income.
他们根据收入分配的分析, 解释了这个问题的答案有关于资本积累。
Classical systems stems thus determined simultaneously income distribution and income growth, with the relative prices of commodities as a minor by-product.
古典系统的骨干(stems) 于是 同时决定 收入分配和收入增长 ，亦衍生出商品的相对价格(relative prices)。

这个论题载于古典流派，做了经典的假设，提出了经典的问题。
从史密斯到马思都假设或是争论过这一经典：在给予维持最低生活工资时，劳动力是无限供给的。
他们接着调查：随着时间过去下生产是怎样增长的。
他们根据收入分配的分析, 解释了这个问题的答案有关于资本积累。
古典系统的骨干 于是 同时决定 收入分配和收入增长 ，亦衍生出商品的相对价格。


hope this helps you
i changed few words and sentence structure to be easier to read and understand :)

thanks for your help above.
but the last sentence still trubling me.
I wish for a exacter translation.

"古典系统的骨干 于是 同时决定 收入分配和收入增长 ，亦衍生出商品的相对价格。"  ?   this one?
i can do it better, tho i believe it should have shown the original meaning.

what would u want it for?
for assignment or for understanding the passage ?
for formal usage or informal one?
then i can modify with more suitable tone.

thx

Classical systems stems thus determined simultaneously income distribution and income growth, with the relative prices of commodities as a minor by-product.
古典(經濟)系统 [Classical systems] 的骨干 [stems] 于是 [thus] 同时 [simultaneously] 决定 [determined] 收入分配 [income distribution]和收入增长 [income growth] ，亦衍生 [by-product] 出商品[commodities] 的相对价格[relative prices]。

ps: by-product is "衍生物" in this case. but i made it into '衍生"(v.)  because it is strange to say by-product in an supplement(adj) phrase in Chinese speaking. and it's more concise and precise.

"古典系统的核心部分" 于是 同时决定 收入分配和收入增长 ，亦衍生出商品的相对价格。
does it help?

哦，原来bye-product是衍生的意思。thank you, iliwala！！！